{"id":145,"date":"2020-01-11T23:18:59","date_gmt":"2020-01-11T23:18:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.williamaharper.com\/?page_id=145"},"modified":"2020-01-17T22:10:18","modified_gmt":"2020-01-17T22:10:18","slug":"family-story","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.williamaharper.com\/about\/family-story\/","title":{"rendered":"Family Story"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
On Monday, February 7, 1876, Charity Harper died in the county of Halimand, North Cayuga, Ontario, Canada, at the age of 28 years, 10 months, 25 days of childbirth fever.[1]<\/a> She left behind her husband, John Harper, and 4 young children: Frances age 7, John age 4, William age 2, and infant George. By 1881, the four children were living with Charity\u2019s mother, Lucy Street.[2]<\/a> The Canadian census for that year makes no mention of the children\u2019s father. This young family could easily have disappeared into the dustbin of history, particularly since the family was \u201ccolored\u201d. Fortunately, that was not the case. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Canfield, Halimand County, Ontario<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n According to\nWikipedia, the county of Halimand, Ontario, was opened for general settlement\nin 1832. The land comprising Halimand County\nwas surrendered by the Six\nNations<\/a> to the English Crown in an agreement that was signed in\n1844. Cayuga was incorporated in 1859, and became the county seat\nfor Haldimand County. William\u2019s maternal\nand paternal grandparents were among the early settlers in the village of\nCanfield near Cayuga in Halimand County.[3]<\/a> Canfield was originally known\nas \u201cAzoff\u201d, having been named after a town in Russia, and was a wilderness area that provided the gift of obscurity. The town was later renamed Canfield after Mr.\nCanfield who was a carpenter and was the first post master in the village.[4]<\/a> In\n1851 the census records for Cayuga (which would have included the area of\nCanfield) show less than 140 black residents. The path of the Underground Railroad ran deep\ninto Ontario, and is likely that William\u2019s grandparents were \u201cbaggage\u201d[5]<\/a> on the Underground\nRailroad (the code word for fugitive slaves carried by the Underground\nRailroad). Of the American\nslaves that escaped to Canada via the Underground Railroad the largest group\nsettled in Ontario.[6]<\/a>\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n William\u2019s Parents\n[Attach<\/em> census\nrecords]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n William A. Harper was born in or near Canfield,\non December 27, 1873[7]<\/a>, to Charity (Street) Harper\n(1847 \u2013 1876) and John Harper (abt. 1847 – 1921). Both of William\u2019s parents were born in Canada[8]<\/a>. The map of \u201cNorth Cayuga Township, Azoff\nVillage From Halimand County 1879, published by H.R. Page and Co. in 1879\u201d\nshows that the Street and Harper properties, where each his mother and father\nwould have grown up, were located just outside of Canfield, and were separated\nby a single neighbor. [Attach map] <\/em>William\u2019s\nfather is listed in the 1871 census as a farmer.[9]<\/a> In 1871, William had three siblings, Frances\n(abt. 1869 – ?), John Wesley (1871-1914), and George (abt. 1874 – ?).[10]<\/a> Charity died when William was just over 2\nyears old of childbirth fever. Childbirth\nfever, also known as childbed\nfever or puerperal fever was commonplace in the 1800\u2019s. There is no information regarding the fifth\nunnamed infant who must have died at birth or shortly thereafter with Charity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In the 1881 Canadian census, 8 year old\nWilliam is listed with his three siblings as living with his maternal\ngrandmother, Lucy Street, and several of her children. Lucy is listed as a widow. William\u2019s father does not appear on the 1881\ncensus, and his location is unclear. \nGiven that William and his brother John joined his father some years later\nin Illinois, it is possible that he may have already immigrated to the U.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n What happened to Francis and George is\nunknown. They are not listed in the subsequent Canadian census in Cayuga, nor\nare they listed in available death records for Cayuga. Similarly, they do not appear to have gone to\nIllinois with their father and two brothers as neither are mentioned in any US\nsurvey with those other family members. Moreover, neither are mentioned in any\narticle about William, nor are they listed in his obituary with William\u2019s\nfather and brother John being noted as his only surviving relatives.[11]<\/a> [Continue research.]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n William\u2019s Maternal Grandparents<\/strong> [Attach Street Escape Account, Street Family Record, and property map]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Charity (Street) Harper\u2019s parents were Lucy (Canada) Street (1814 – ?) and Stepney (also Stephana, Stephen) Street (1808 – 1879).[12]<\/a> They were married May 4, 1833, shortly after arriving in Canada.[13]<\/a> A written account survives believed to have been given by the eldest daughter of Lucy and Stepney, Henrietta Street, describing her parents\u2019 early lives in West Virginia and their escape to Canada. According to that account, Lucy was born in Parkers Burgh, West Virginia, and was owned by a family named \u201cBeckweth\u201d. Regarding the Beckweth family, <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cMother often said that they were not\ntreated like slaves, but she could not bear the thought of not belonging to\nherself, especially, we Three Children. \nOur names were, as follows: Henrietta\nStreet, Ellen Elizabeth, and Andrew Clark\u2026The lady was Miss. Jane Beckweth,\nMiss Mary and Mandy and Penelophy Beckweth and Two sons, Barnes and Albert, they\nwere all very kind, but that did not suffice.\u201d \n<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lucy\u2019s parents are listed as Arion\nKeneday and Milla Canada. [More\ninformation?]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Stepney belonged to another individual, and\nlived about seven miles from Lucy. \nAccording to the account, <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cHis Master was about to sell him when\nhe ran away, travelling under the name of Frank Hammond, fought his way out of\nthe hands of the oppressor and fled to the Land of Freedom, landing in Canada,\nat Windsor. Father left his Master\u2019s\nabout six weeks before Mother and three children followed him, her two Brothers\nand a fellow servant named Nero Bansom, he being so white in complexion that he\ncould venture out to the near houses to seek aid while we lay in a hiding place\nwhile he found friends until we arrived in Astibula.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n There is a town on Lake Erie called\n\u201cAshtibula\u201d which may be the name intended. \nIn \u201cAstibula\u201d they boarded a schooner, landing in Point Abino, Canada. Point Abino is located just west of Buffalo,\nN.Y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n According to Henrietta, they: <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201csettled in the neighbourhood of Bertie,\nthen Mother advertised for Father and he came at once. In a short time, the family moved to a farm\nnear St. Catherines owned by one Peter Smith. \nThere they were converted and baptized by Elder Christian of Toronto and\nbecame members of the Zion Church in St. Catherines, so in time they moved to\nGrand River with the intention of making a home there, and there they found the\nsame God that had brought them from the land of boundage and in that humble\ncabin they erected an altar to the Almighty God to whom they served with Four\nothers, John Taylor, Rosana Allan, Robert Bailey and Kisie Allan. Then at the age of Nineteen, Mother and\nFather were married, he was Twenty-six years old.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n By 1851, Lucy and Stepney were living in\nthe Township of North Cayuga with their nine children: Henrietta, Ellen, Andrew, Eliza, George,\nWilliam, Charity (William\u2019s mother), Emelia, and David. The 1851 Census of Canada East, Canada West,\nNew Brunswick, and Nova Scotia reports Stepney as a farmer, shows the family as\nBaptist, and notes their dwelling as a one story log cabin. They are marked as \u201cColored\npersons \u2013 Negroes\u201d [14]<\/a>.\n According to an article in the Hamilton\nSpectator[15]<\/a>,\nLucy and Stepney were among the first black settlers in Cayuga. Stepney and Lucy went on to have three more\nchildren Martha, Josephine, and Sarah (who died at birth), for a total of\nthirteen.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Charity\u2019s family seems to have been a\nfamily of some standing. According to\nthe 1861 Agricultural Census of Canada, Charity\u2019s father, Stephey Street, owned\n141 acres of land of which 35 acres were under crops, 5 acres were under\npasture, and one acre was under \u201corchard or garden\u201d. The balance was \u201cunder wood or wild\u201d.[17]<\/a> The value of the total acreage was placed at\n$3000, not an inconsequential amount at that time. This property is located just outside (southwest)\nof Canfield, and is listed on the map of \u201cNorth Cayuga Township, Azoff Village\nFrom Halimand County 1879, published by H.R. Page and Co. in 1879\u201d with the\nname \u201cStepheney Street\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Stepney last appears in the 1871\nCanadian Census. By the 1981 Canadian\nCensus, Lucy is listed as a widow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Streets held church services\ninitially in their cabin, but by 1857 Stepney and Lucy had donated land for the\nconstruction of a log chapel to serve specifically as the church. The church became part of the Niagara Baptist\nAssociation, and welcomed non-blacks into the congregation. The Streets likewise donated land for a brick\nand mortar church to replace the log chapel which opened in 1882. [18]<\/a> Stepney died before the building was\ncompleted, but Lucy was present for the opening. Cemetery plots for Lucy and Stepney and other\nStreet family members can be found at the site of the old church, which is now\na private residence.[19]<\/a> Given that William and his siblings were\nliving with Lucy in 1881, it may well be that he was present for the opening of\nthis church which formed such an integral part of his grandparents\u2019 lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [Information on Charity\u2019s siblings? See marriages on Street Family Record.]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n William\u2019s Paternal Grandparents<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Determining William\u2019s paternal\ngrandparents is a bit more complicated. Searching\nthe Canadian records in Cayuga, the only \u201cJohn\u201d of the approximate right age to\nbe William\u2019s father appears in the 1851 Census of Canada East, Canada West, New\nBrunswick, and Nova Scotia. That census\nshows a \u201cJohn Harper\u201d, age 6, which would mean a birth date of approximately\n1845. It is probably reasonable to\nassume that this John is William\u2019s father allowing for the discrepancies in reporting\ncreated by birthdays falling early in the year vs. late in the year as relates\nto the timing of any given census. <\/p>\n\n\n\n John\u2019s father is listed in that 1851\ncensus as John Harper. age 45 (abt.1806 – ?), and notes that he was born in the\nU.S. (To avoid confusion John\u2019s father\nis hereinafter referred to as \u201cGrandpa John\u201d). \nJohn\u2019s siblings are listed as: \nJames age 10, Anne D. age 4, and Henry A. age 2, all born in Canada. Grandpa John and the four children are marked\nin the 1851 census as \u201cColored persons \u2013 Negroes\u201d. John\u2019s mother, however, was not so marked. She is listed as Honour, age 34, and born in\nEngland. In other words, she was most\nlikely white. Given the birth year of\ntheir eldest child James (about 1841), Grandpa John and Honour were in Canada at\nleast by 1841. The family religion is\nlisted as \u201cMethodist African E\u201d, and their home is noted as a one-story log\ncabin.[20]<\/a> John and Honour would have two more children,\nZach (or Zachariah) and Owen, for a total of 6 children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [Information on how they got to Canada?]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n By the time of the 1861 Census of Canada, Grandpa John is listed as a 58 year old widower. The census lists the following children living with Grandpa John: Henry age 9, Zach age 7, and Owen age 3. Owen\u2019s age means that Honour died sometime after 1858 when Owen was born, but before 1861. John, who would have been 14 or 15 at the time, does not appear in that census.<\/p>\n\n\n\n James, John\u2019s older brother, does not\nappear in the 1861 census, but a marriage record exists recording his marriage\non December 1863, to Hannah L. Smith.[21]<\/a> His parents are listed as \u201cJohn Harper\u201d and\n\u201cHannah Clothyer\u201d. This is the first appearance of Honour\u2019s maiden name in the\nrecords. Honour\u2019s name is alternatively\nwritten in Canadian records related to the family as \u201cHonor\u201d[22]<\/a>, \u201cHannah Clothyer\u201d[23]<\/a>, and \u201cHannah Harper\u201d[24]<\/a> James would go on to serve as a private for\nthe Union in the U.S. Civil War (see section regarding James below).<\/p>\n\n\n\n A.D. Harper (Anne D.?), John\u2019s younger\nsister, is listed in the 1861 census as 13 years of age and living with a\nfamily named Johnson. A marriage record\nin the Ontario, Canada, County Marriage Registers in 1866 reports the marriage\nof \u201cAnn D. Harper\u201d ito Androw Williams. \nIn that register, her parents are listed as \u201cJohn Harper\u201d and \u201cHonor\nClothier\u201d.[25]<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n The 1861 Agricultural Census for Grandpa\nJohn indicates that he owned 100 acres, of which 22 were \u201cunder crops\u201d, 8 were\n\u201cunder pasture\u201d, and 70 were \u201cunder wood or wild\u201d. The value of the total acreage was placed at\n$1,000.[26]<\/a> This property is located just outside\n(southwest) of Canfield, and is listed on the map of \u201cNorth Cayuga Township,\nAzoff Village From Halimand County 1879, published by H.R. Page and Co. in\n1879\u201d with the name \u201cJ. Harper\u201d. Grandpa\nJohn does not appear in the 1871 census.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The 1927 Canadian death record for Henry\nlists his father as \u201cNelson Harper\u201d, born in the U.S., and his mother as\n\u201cHannah\u201d, born in England. Zach was\nmarried on October 8, 1874, and his parents are listed as \u201cJohn and Hannah\nHarper\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n As if the spelling differences in Honour\u2019s name were not confusing enough, a U.S. Census was taken in Decatur, Illinois in 1920 during the last year of John Harper\u2019s (William\u2019s father) life which introduces a question as to Honour\u2019s place of birth.\u00a0 That census lists John\u2019s parents as having both been born in Maryland[27]<\/a>.\u00a0 This may have been correct as to Grandpa John (although no corroborative evidence has been found), but the 1851 Canadian census and at least one subsequent marriage record lists Honour\u2019s place of birth as England.\u00a0 There is no indication from whom the information in the 1920 census was obtained, but it must have been either from John or his daughter-in-law, Eliza Harper[28]<\/a>, who also lived in Decatur at that time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Family Tree:<\/p>\n\n\n\n